Eco 365 Supply and Demand Simulation Essay - 855 Words

Supply and Demand Simulation ECO/365 November 26, 2012 The purpose of this paper is to discuss the Supply and Demand simulation from the student website. The idea is to identify two microeconomic and two macroeconomic principles present in the simulation and to explain why these principles are categorized as macro or microeconomic. The paper will also determine one shift of the supply curve and one shift of the demand curve from the simulation, as well as why these shifts happen. Their impact on the equilibrium price, on decision making, and on quantity will be also analyzed. Then, it will refer to ways in which concepts about supply and demand can be applied in a real life-situation or in the workplace.†¦show more content†¦However, the rental rate also increases as the supply increases. Leasing all the apartments (which are 2,500), will drive the rental rate to $1,500. As the rental rate and the number of apartments supplied increases, the demand curve shifts downward. So, if the company increases the rental rate to $1,500 the demand for apartments will be lower. In order to reach equilibrium the company will have to lower the rental rate to $1,050. This is where the quantity demanded is equal with the quantity supplied. Relevance in Real World and at the Workplace Supply and demand concepts are all around us. Take for example a shoe factory. From a macroeconomic perspective everybody needs shoes. This type of product is a necessary and not a luxury product. So, there will always be a higher demand of shoes. The company will always try to find the best price to sell the shoes so that the demand increases. The price of shoes is also determined by the production cost of the shoe since it needs to be higher than it. Producing the shoes does not only depend on the company itself but on other macroeconomic indicators. For example, if oil prices increase, the company will need to increase the price of the shoes since it would cost more to pay the suppliers for delivering the materials needed in the production process. Also, as the law of supply says, when supply increases, the price increases. If the supplyShow MoreRelatedSupply and Demand Simulation983 Words   |  4 Pages   ECO365 Supply and Demand Simulation Student Name ECO/365 – Principles of Microeconomics Instructor Name Date Introduction Supply and Demand is a phrase that every one hears in one way or another, Supply and demand phrase according to Colander, (2010) is the most used phrase by economist and the reason is because the phrase provides a good â€Å"off-the-cuff† answer for many question that have to do with economy. Example why are interest rates to Low? Because supply and demand. Why is GasolineRead MoreEco/365 Essay example628 Words   |  3 PagesSupply and Demand simulation LaKeith A. Atkins Sr. ECO/365 February 28, 2013 Watson Ragin Supply and Demand simulation †¢ Identify two microeconomics and two macroeconomics principles or concepts from the simulation. Explain why you have categorized these principles or concepts as macroeconomic or microeconomic. Supply and demand was affected by decreasing the rent to lower the vacancy percentage and maximize revenue for the company. This process is considered a temporary fix on a month-to-monthRead MoreMicroeconomics and the Laws of Supply and Demand Essay703 Words   |  3 PagesMicroeconomics and the Laws of Supply and Demand ECO/365 Principles of Microeconomics August 18, 2014 Sam Pirnazar Microeconomics and the Laws of Supply and Demand Abstract The objective of the laws and the supply and demand simulation is to apply the supply and demand concepts to provide a better understanding on how to use the curves in order to figure out the equilibrium in the market for leasing two bedroom apartments. The simulation will help determine the differenceRead MoreEco365 Supply and Demand Simulation Paper761 Words   |  4 PagesSupply and Demand Simulation ECO/365 Supply and Demand Simulation In the University of Phoenix simulation (2003), students are taken through the supply and demand of two-bedroom apartments in a city called Atlantis. The simulation itself is used as a tool to learn about the demand and supply curves as well as equilibrium. Other key learning points are the factors that affect supply and demand, the effect that a price ceiling has on the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied. ThroughoutRead MoreSupply and Demand Simulation Paper886 Words   |  4 PagesSupply and Demand Simulation Paper ECO/365 Week 2 Individual Assignment February 25, 2013 Supply and Demand The analysis will identify two microeconomics and two macroeconomics principles or concepts from the simulation, and explain why each principle or concept is in the category of macroeconomics or microeconomics. The analysis will identify at least one shift of the supply curve, and one shift of the demand curve from the simulation and what causes the shifts. The analysis will showRead MoreSupply and Demand Simulation1030 Words   |  5 PagesSupply and Demand Simulation ECO/365 Supply and Demand Simulation In the supply and demand simulation a neighborhood called Atlantis is given for the setting. Atlantis is a small city with open spaces, low population, and a low crime rate. There are plenty of sidewalks and street systems for easy access to the highway. The housing in Atlantis is detached homes and apartments. The supply and demand simulation consists of microeconomics and macroeconomics. The simulation presents shifts in theRead MoreAnalyzing Supply of Demand Simulation1042 Words   |  5 PagesAnalyzing Supply of Demand Simulation ECO/365 January 31, 2010 Analyzing Supply of Demand Simulation Supply and demand is a significant element of business procedures thus this paper will evaluate how supply and demand affects a business via a simulation provided by the University of Phoenix. In this paper, I will talk about the reasons for changes that occur in supply and demand. I will talk about how shifts in supply and demand influence the organization’s decision making processRead MoreEssay about Eco/365 Supply and Demand863 Words   |  4 PagesSupply and Demand ECO/365 Supply and Demand The economy is run by the concept of supply and demand. The simulation provided a practical learning experience that brings together the concept of micro and macro economics. I will try to summarize my findings and the inner workings of the concept of supply and demand that the simulation offered. Economics is defined as â€Å"the study of how human beings coordinate their wants and desires, given the decision-making mechanisms, socialRead MoreApplying Supply and Demand Concepts1027 Words   |  5 PagesApplying Supply and Demand Concepts David Hodge ECO 365 April 29, 2013 Robert Watson Applying Supply and Demand Concepts The supply and demand simulation was a very helpful tool in understanding the effects of external factors on the supply and demand curves. Understanding this concept is fundamental in preparing for real life situations. I personally enjoyed the fact that the simulation was based on a real estate management company. I was able to understand and relate to the informationRead MoreSupply and Demand Simulation/ Goodlife1018 Words   |  5 PagesSupply and Demand Simulation ECO 365 March 28, 2011 The GoodLife Management supply and demand simulation is based on the management of 2500 two-bedroom condominium apartments in a fictitious town named Atlantis. According to the simulation they are the only management firm in Atlantis and have a monopoly in the market. The simulation shows the issues the management deals with and gives the opportunity to see how the right or wrong decisions can affect the outcome of those decisions

What Are Nursing Research - 1359 Words

What is nursing research and why is it important to nursing? Research is essential in all aspects of life. Research guides decisions on what cars will be bought, what houses will be purchased, or where children will attend school. So, why would research not be an important part of deciding what is best in regards to healthcare? Research is conducted to gather data about a particular subject. Data that is collected through research should strive to be obtained from resources that are valid, credible, and peer reviewed. Nursing research is defined as â€Å"a systematic process of inquiry that uses rigorous guidelines to produce unbiased, trustworthy answers to questions about nursing practice† (Houser, 2015, page 5). Nursing research and†¦show more content†¦Research must be unbiased, trustworthy, and relevant to today’s world. Nursing research is not an easy task and requires a great amount of time and hard work. Even though this process may be difficult at time s, the rewards of improving nursing care for years to come makes it all worthwhile. Evidence-based practice is â€Å"the use of the best scientific evidence integrated with clinical experience and incorporating patient values and preferences in the practice of professional nursing care† (Houser, 2015, page 12). Evidence-based practice is important to nursing care for many different reasons. One of the main reasons is that using evidence-based nursing care provides better patient outcomes verses using the traditional trial and error method. Evidence-based practice is based on scientific studies and desirable patient outcomes. Healthcare professionals who provide patient care using evidence-based nursing practice are acting in the best interests of their patients. Errors in clinical decision making have greatly been reduced by using evidence-based practice for providing nursing care to patients. Patients are often placed at a higher risk for harm or injury when using the traditional trial and error method of nursing care. Therefore, the trial and error method s hould be avoided at all costs because it is unethical and unacceptable from a nursing standpoint (Houser, 2015). Evidence-based practice

Do not lose family in times of unemployment and finalcial loss Free Essays

The financial crisis emotional support hotline set up by volunteer organizations with government funding received more than 1,000 calls for help in its first two weeks of service. Social problems caused by the global financial tsunami have continued to surface. Hong kong people have to understand that the adversity is a global phenomenon. We will write a custom essay sample on Do not lose family in times of unemployment and finalcial loss or any similar topic only for you Order Now Further, no matter how desperate the situation is today, there will be sunshine after rain. Other than money and wealth, there is much to admire and treasure around us. The brunt of the financial tsunami has been borne by investors who suffered great losses in the stock and financial derivative markets. Of them, Lehman mini-bond investors aroused most concern, although the losses suffered by people who brought stocks during the peak of the hang seng index last year have been no less than that suffered by the lehman mini-bond investors. On Monday, the HIS fell 1600 points, losing 15 trillion in market value over last year’s high. It involved the capital of many small investors. Even citizens who have not directly traded in stocks but who hold mandatory provident funds and childern’s educational funds will find that their wealth has diminished considerably. At the beginning of the financial storm, small investors suffered losses and they still had hopes of regaining their money. But the stock market continued to fall. Until the financial tsunami this month, the HIS had dropped more than 60 percent from its historical high. Many of the stocks fell drastically. Even the traditionally strong good quality stocks suffered the same fate. Some small investors began to call it a bottomless abyss. They no longer wanted to regain their money. And they also didn’t want to continue to lose money, or lose a little more. Unfortunately, as they pull themselves out of the market, they are paying for their expensive lessons. In the 70s, the HSI dropped by more than 90 percent, from 1700 points to a little over 100 points, turning stocks into wall paper. The fall made some small investors commit suicide. Although the current financial tsunami is not as severe, it has been an in the number of people emotionally disturbed by their financial losses. Those who called the hotline for help include the middle class and owners of small-and medium-sized enterprises. Some have even lost the savings of their family members. These pesple are neither professional speculators nor gamblers, and yet the effects of the financial crisis have spread to them, causing family and social troubles. Sign of life after destruction Sign of life after destruction Compared to the SARS period five years ago, the current crisis has hit the middle class much harder than it has the grassroots. The spate of closures caused by the shrinking market and the credit crunch in banking under the financial tsunami has created unemployment, which will in future affect people. When credit freezes up at the year end, enterprises will find the rest of the year especially hard to pass. If the conditions worsened with rising unemployment and shrinking job opportunities, everything can go wrong for the poor couple. Family disputes and violence may rise. How to cite Do not lose family in times of unemployment and finalcial loss, Essays

Cult of Domesticity free essay sample

Securing the 19th Century Woman in the Home During the Antebellum age of America, new values and ideals began to arise. These ideals were reflected in the households of middle class citizens and grouped together to create the Cult of Domesticity. The cult helped form the foundation of female inferiority in the male dominated society. As slaves to the home, women were to uphold morals that were no longer relevant in the new industrialized world. The ideas that led to this treatment of women were drawn from religion, scientific studies, and the Industrial Revolution.The Cult of Domesticity was created to work effortlessly with the middle class, and was also known as the Perfect Family (Myth). Prior to the Industrial Revolution, families were dependent on every family member to provide for the household. Men, women, and children alike, would cook, clean, and take care of the entire property (Cowan, 16). However, the Middle Class family after the Industrial Revolution consisted of a single wage earning father and a mother that stayed at home maintaining the household and the children, in a home isolated from the rest of society (Unusual, 1). In l felt a funeral in my brain, Dickinson writes And I and silence some strange race/ wrecked, solitary, here (15-16).This is a prime example of the solidarity that held her captive and caused her descent into madness. Her poem is a cry out for help, but being the submissive woman she was supposed to be, she hid away her feelings while still acting weak and inferior. Another example of submissiveness can be taken from her poem This is my letter to the World. It starts off This is my letter to the world/ That never wrote to Me (Dickinson 1-2). She is again crying out against the unfairness that the world never wrote to her, or acknowledged her because of her sex. As a woman she was instantly in the shadow of a man and therefore did not matter. From These are the days when the Birds come back, Dickinson wrote Thy consecrated bread to take/ and thin immortal wine! (17-18). Her allusion to the Holy Sacrament of the Eucharist enforces piety. Women needed to always act as the handmaidens of God, to repent for the sins of Eve in the Old Testament. Religion was a big enforcer of a womans quiet way of life and acted as something to occupy their time at home with. Emily Dickinson struggle with society expectations is greatly shown through her poetry.Dickinson many poems were great in number, but creates only one part of the perspective from a woman about the Cult of Domesticity. In Kate Chopping Story of an Hour, young Mrs.. Brenner Mallard discovers the news of her husbands death. Once the shock and grief wear off, she comes to an important realization. free! Body and soul free! (Chopin 2). Louise finally is free, without her husbands name bearing down on her and out of the clutches of domesticity. She no longer needs to act like the perfect wife at home, constantly taking care Of the house and looking after her husbands every need. She can live for herself like she always wanted. There would be no powerful will bending hers (Chopin 2), and she would no longer be the victim of submissiveness. Her husband no longer had the superior power, which all men were granted at the time of birth, to control and dictate her every move to the point where she was just like a small child that needed guidance and direction. But, in the end her joy is all for naught. Brenner is not dead. And Mrs.. Mallard, when receiving the news of his return, diets] of heart disease (Chopin 2).The thought of being pushed into that submissive state of Ewing that she had just escaped from ultimately caused her premature death. Chopping character Louise was a lot like the narrator of Charlotte Perkins Sailings The Yellow Wallpaper in regards to their relationship with overpowering husbands. John laughs at me of course, but one expects that in a marriage (Gillian 1). The narrator acts with submissiveness as she accepts that she is inferior to her husband, he is always right, and she is just the silly woman. She feels she must take his lead and constantly follow because that is how society wants her to feel.Her opinion does not matter at all, and she even states outright l dont like our room a bit (Gillian 2). She detests the room, with its ugly, yellow wallpaper and barred windows, but since her husband says it is the best place for her she just, once again, accepts it and does not say another word on the subject. The room she would like to sleep in was prettier and airier. But John said that there was only one window and not room for two beds (Gillian 2). This not only reinforces her submissiveness, but also her purity as a woman. The narrator, though married and a mother, sleeps in a different bed from her husband.This is not to keep her gift safe anymore, but to keep from tempting him and to guarantee the rest she needs to recover from her anxiety. Emily Dickinson, Kate Chopin, and Charlotte Perkins Gillian were all talented writers and advocates in their own ways for the struggles of women with the Cult of Domesticity in the sasss. Each accomplished a way to present a light into the minds of the women who were being suffocated by the mens superiority. Emily Dickinson created poems full of solemn and even remorseful moods that mirrored depression and repression that women felt cause of society expectations.Kate Chopin and Charlotte Perkins Gillian created characters that not only used the same suffocating repression, but empowered their women by taking the men out of the equation. Only then were their characters given a chance; Louise without Brenner and a small taste of freedom, and the narrators ability to finally creep along the room in peace when John faints. The Cult of Domesticity was a cause for womens repression but also their strength and growing stand to the unfairness of the treatment they were being dealt for so long.

Twelfth night Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Twelfth night Persuasive Essay Throughout the play Olivia can be considered one of the three main characters that accepts best the societal roles placed upon her and follows the orthodox rules imposed on her the most. Nevertheless, Olivia does still take a stand, which is against the orthodox and continues to do this right until the end of the play. By falling in love with the disguised Viola Olivia allows herself to love another woman in the way she should only consider loving a male character. We will write a custom essay on Twelfth night Persuasive specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Olivia, however, is not aware of the fact that she is desiring a female as she only ever meets the character of Viola dressed as Cesario until the end of the play. However, it is worth noting that Olivia does become infatuated with feminine qualities3 that are displayed to her by Cesario, but she fails to see these as being female qualities at the same time. She therefore can be consider on this point to be the one who fits in with the orthodox view taken by society, still though she fails to fully fit into the role determined for her by this orthodoxy on other areas of her life. Within the play, Olivia can be considered, as a character that feels she has to hide from what she actually is, a female4. By being in charge of a household and running it successfully, and also by having a male relative who is dependent on her generosity and money, she appears to be encouraging the theory that she has many masculine qualities, it could be said that she has all the masculine qualities the Duke fails to have. This notion of her being desperate to be thought of as having masculine qualities can be seen by her asking Sebastian (who she thinks is Cesario) to marry her where the orthodox approach would be for the male to ask her to marry him. By the conclusion of the play Olivia has fulfilled a female normality of the time and is wed to the one, she thinks she loves (Sebastian although she thinks he is Cesario) and this can be considered as imposing the orthodox on her character. When considering when the orthodox is re-imposed upon the characters at the end of Twelfth Night the characters of Sir Toby and Maria need to be taken into consideration. Throughout the play the character of Sir Toby is portrayed as being a drunk who is dependent upon Olivia for his existence. This can be considered as a role reversal because in Elizabethan society it would normally be the females (or other male family members) dependent upon the male heads of families for support, while in this play it is a female who supports his lifestyle. The fact that Sir Toby is a drunk could conceivable considered an accurate interpretation of a male who did not need to work within Elizabethan society. Maria however can be considered as portraying herself accurately within the confines of society as she works as Olivias maid to earn her keep and never really steps into the male role, except perhaps in consideration to her role in the deceit played upon Malvolio. At the end of the play, Maria and Sir Toby come together and the play leaves them intending to get married. This is an imposition of the orthodox in so much as the fact that the two end up with a suitable partner for each other concerning the sexes of the two. However this relationship also presents the unorthodox as it shows Maria marrying out of her social class and into a higher one, and also it leaves unanswered the reason for the marriage of the two, whether it is love and desire or whether they marry simply to evade the consequences of their actions with regards to the trick of Malvolio. .u9f5aac8073a8b947ae4322b3072ea4eb , .u9f5aac8073a8b947ae4322b3072ea4eb .postImageUrl , .u9f5aac8073a8b947ae4322b3072ea4eb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9f5aac8073a8b947ae4322b3072ea4eb , .u9f5aac8073a8b947ae4322b3072ea4eb:hover , .u9f5aac8073a8b947ae4322b3072ea4eb:visited , .u9f5aac8073a8b947ae4322b3072ea4eb:active { border:0!important; } .u9f5aac8073a8b947ae4322b3072ea4eb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9f5aac8073a8b947ae4322b3072ea4eb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9f5aac8073a8b947ae4322b3072ea4eb:active , .u9f5aac8073a8b947ae4322b3072ea4eb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9f5aac8073a8b947ae4322b3072ea4eb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9f5aac8073a8b947ae4322b3072ea4eb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9f5aac8073a8b947ae4322b3072ea4eb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9f5aac8073a8b947ae4322b3072ea4eb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9f5aac8073a8b947ae4322b3072ea4eb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9f5aac8073a8b947ae4322b3072ea4eb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9f5aac8073a8b947ae4322b3072ea4eb .u9f5aac8073a8b947ae4322b3072ea4eb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9f5aac8073a8b947ae4322b3072ea4eb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Peking Opera EssayIn Twelfth Night, the characters of Malvolio and Feste also need to be considered as to whether they are at the end of the play imposed upon to follow the orthodoxy of the society. In consideration of Feste, it can be said that the end of the play marks his return to the character he plays at the beginning, but lost towards the end when he became embroiled in the plot of trickery against Malvolio. At the establishment of Feste, the audience is introduced to the role of the fool who transcends social class boundaries and legitimately makes fun of both worlds in the name of comedy. Feste is never portrayed as being directly involved in the action of any of the characters, although he insinuates he is very much aware of the fact the Cesario is actually a woman, and this allows him to remain outside of the action will being a narrator of types for all the characters. When Feste does become part of the trickery of Malvolio and pretends to be Sir Topas, his character becomes a main part in the darker side of the comical play and this is unorthodox for his character. The character, which the audience is first introduced to at the beginning of the play, re-emerges at the end of the play and so it can be said that Feste has an imposing of what is orthodox for his character through the ending. The character of Malvolio is the one character that at the end of the play has none of what he normally is throughout the rest of the play given back to him. When Sir Toby, Sir Andrew, Fabian and Maria conspire and trick Malvolio for the sole purpose of then declaring him as crazy he loses all that he has previously had and is locked away. Through the rest of the play, it is revealed that Malvolio wishes to marry Olivia and make himself higher in the social classes of society and it is through the love for himself that he feels that he is justified in attempting to take this course of action. Malvolio never gets to achieve this aim, and it is probable that he never would anyway even without the interference of the conspirators, and this would have been unusual to happen in society during this period in history anyway so therefore in this respect it could be said that normality was brought to Malvolio. However when he is declared as crazy he loses his position within society and by the end of the play although the plot against him is uncovered he never full recovers from this taint and therefore it could be considered that he has not fully had restored to him what he would normally have. Antonios character within Twelfth Night can be seen as being both one of orthodoxy and unorthodoxy simultaneously, and by the end of the play he can be described as having what is deemed orthodox re-imposed upon him. Antonios impassioned friendship for Sebastian is one of those ardent attachments between young people of the same sex which Shakespeare frequently presents with his positive emphasis, as exhibiting the loving and lovable qualities later expressed in love for the other sex. (p246)5 The relationship of Antonio and Sebastian therefore can be seen as unorthodox as it can be defined in modern day terms as being one of a homosexual nature. However, to the early modern audience this would be interpreted simple as being normal as there was not the present day terms of homo/hetero sexual to define it in any other terms but that of normalcy. .uf9a8402dbdd9f3f11858867d4cb576e4 , .uf9a8402dbdd9f3f11858867d4cb576e4 .postImageUrl , .uf9a8402dbdd9f3f11858867d4cb576e4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf9a8402dbdd9f3f11858867d4cb576e4 , .uf9a8402dbdd9f3f11858867d4cb576e4:hover , .uf9a8402dbdd9f3f11858867d4cb576e4:visited , .uf9a8402dbdd9f3f11858867d4cb576e4:active { border:0!important; } .uf9a8402dbdd9f3f11858867d4cb576e4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf9a8402dbdd9f3f11858867d4cb576e4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf9a8402dbdd9f3f11858867d4cb576e4:active , .uf9a8402dbdd9f3f11858867d4cb576e4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf9a8402dbdd9f3f11858867d4cb576e4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf9a8402dbdd9f3f11858867d4cb576e4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf9a8402dbdd9f3f11858867d4cb576e4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf9a8402dbdd9f3f11858867d4cb576e4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf9a8402dbdd9f3f11858867d4cb576e4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf9a8402dbdd9f3f11858867d4cb576e4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf9a8402dbdd9f3f11858867d4cb576e4 .uf9a8402dbdd9f3f11858867d4cb576e4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf9a8402dbdd9f3f11858867d4cb576e4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Check 21-The Float has sunk EssayAt the end of the play Antonio loses Sebastian to Olivia and therefore the modern reader, whom can be said to interpret their relationship in a sexual manner, is able to say this issue is resolved by a re-imposition of the orthodox. Twelfth Night can be seen as having a mark of orthodoxy re-imposed upon it by the end, however with regards certain issues it keeps its unorthodoxy and refrains from having societal norms imposed. By the end of the play, Shakespeare has successfully returned the gender roles, which are made ambiguous in the play to what they would have considered in Elizabethan society as being successful. With the ending of the play he also has also ensured that all, male and female desires are matched in a heterosexual match and that there are no homoerotic relationships of desire left in their entirety. It is however not fully imposed upon by the orthodox as the relationship between Viola and Orisino can be considered as being unorthodox in respect to his love for illusion of Cesario and not the person of Viola. Furthermore, although most characters are returned to their normal selves by the end of the play the character of Malvolio proves to be the exception and remains the character that the orthodoxy of all others is kept from. Bibliography Shakespeare, W. (Ed. Watts, C. ) Twelfth Night Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions, 1993 Eagleton, T. William Shakespeare Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986 Danson, L. Shakespeares Dramatic Genres Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000 Waller G. (Ed. ) Shakespeares Comedies Essex: Addison Wesley Longham, 1996 Leggatt, A. (Ed. ) The Cambridge Companion to Shakespearean Comedy Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002 Pennington, M. Twelfth Night: A Users Guide London: Nick Hern Books, 2000 http://www. mala. bc. ca/~johnstoi/eng366/lectures/twelfthnight. htm lecture prepared by Ian Johnston of Malaspina University-College, Nanaimo. (January 2001) 1 Penny Gay, As She Likes It Shakespeares Unruly Women (London: Routledge, 1994) 2 Twelfth Night study guide at www. sparknotes. com 3 C. L. Barber Shakespeares Festive Comedies (USA: Princeton University Press. 1990) 4 G. K. Hunter Shakespeare: The Later Comedies (Essex: Longmans, Green and Co. 1962) 5 C. L. Barber Shakespeares Festive Comedies (USA: Princeton University Press. 1990) Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our University Degree Twelfth Night section.

Aviation insurance Essays

Aviation insurance Essays Aviation insurance Essay Aviation insurance Essay Words fall short to express my deep sense of gratitude towards them all, who have imparted their valuable time, energy and intellect towards the beautification of my project. I express my sincere gratitude to our principal our coordinator for their continuous support and encouragement. I extend my sincere gratitude to PROOF. PROHIBIT JITTERS my guide for guiding me throughout the project and for helping me whenever required. I also thank my collage library for also thank My God, My parents and My friends for their contribution towards the project. Objective of the project This project has been undertaken with following objectives in mind: To understand the Insurance Sector in India, its nature functioning. To understand the concept of Aviation Insurance. To comprehend the impacts of the new norms on the functioning of the Insurance sector in India. To understand how these norms are put to practice. This involves understanding of the coalition of input data, the process of data sorting, computing according to the norms, assessing different stress scenarios and the final output of such computations. It also involves close observation of the problems faced in implementation. To draw a parallel of this situation to the Insurance industry as whole. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research always starts with a question or a problem. Its purpose is to question through the application of the scientific method. It is a systematic and intensive study directed towards a more complete knowledge of the subject studied. There are two types of data collection method use in my project report. Primary data For my project, I decided on primary data collection method for observing Aviation Insurance Company. For this information I visited to the Reliance General Insurance. Asked the questions to sales manager about the aviation insurance. Secondary data I decided on Secondary data collection method was used by referring to various websites, books, magazines, Journals and daily newspapers for collecting information regarding project under study. Executive Summary Aviation Insurance was first introduced in the early years of the 20th Century. The first aviation insurance policy was written by Loads of London in 1911. The company at an air meet caused losses on many of those first policies. Insurance is one of the most popular in business today since they characterized the new economy acceptance of country boundaries. The purpose of these study the valuation process approaches in aviation by analyzing the insurance corporation case base upon the valuation this report will identify the why aviation insurance is needed. This report the Indian Insurance sector, History of insurance in India, History of Aviation Insurance, products features of Aviation Insurance, Effects Of 9/1 1 Attack On Aviation Insurance INDEX SIR. NO CHAPTER History Of Insurance 9_15 2. Origin Development Of Insurance 16-21 3. History Of Aviation Insurance 22-27 4. Products Of Aviation Insurance 28-37 5. Future of aviation insurance 38-49 6. Case Study 50-58 7. Conclusion Bibliography Aviation Insurance CHAPTER 1 HISTORY OF INSURANCE 1. 1 Introduction Humans have always sought security. This quest for security was an important motivating force in the earliest formations of families, tribes, and other groups. The groups have been the primary source of both emotional and physical security since the beginning of humankind. Humans today continue their quest o achieve security and reduce uncertainty. We still rely on groups for financial stability. With industrialization our physical and economic security has diminished. Mankind is exposed to many serious hazards, which cause stoppage of income. The biggest worry any human being has is the economic worry. He is always thinking of tomorrow and the days to come and he will be planning to meet the demands of his family, his business and that of his own needs. The economic worries may arise due to stoppage of income. Our income dependent, wealth- acquiring lifestyle renders us and our families more vulnerable to environmental and social changes over which we have no control. There may be accidents, sickness disability, or due to premature death of the readiness. It is impossible to prevent such calamities. But it is always possible to provide against the loss of income that may result out of such these perils. Risk is defined as uncertainty of financial loss. If the event were certain to happen, then there be no loss if the event were certain not to happen, then also there is no loss. It is the uncertainty about the time of loss that worries the mankind. Insurance in India The insurance sector in India has come a full circle from being an open competitive market to nationalization and back to a liberalized market again. Tracing the developments in the Indian insurance sector reveals the 360 degree turn witnessed over a period of almost two centuries. 1. 2 An Overview of Insurance Industry Insurance has a long history in India. Life Insurance in its current form was introduced in 1818 when Oriental Life Insurance Company began its operations in Triton Insurance company set up its base in Kola. History of Insurance in India can be broadly bifurcated into three areas: a) Pre Nationalization b) Nationalization and c) Post Nationalization. Life Insurance was the first to nationalize in 1956. Life Insurance Corporation of India was formed by consolidating the operations of various insurance companies. General Insurance followed suit and was nationalized in 1973. General Insurance Corporation of India was set up as the controlling body with New India, United India, National and Oriental as its subsidiaries. The process of opening up the insurance sector was initiated against the background of Economic Reform process which commenced from 1991. For this purpose Malory Committee was formed during this year who submitted their report in 1994 and Insurance Regulatory Development Act (ERDA) was passed in 1999. Resultantly Indian Insurance was opened for private impasses and Private Insurance Company effectively started operations from 2001. 1. 3 Global Standards While the world is eyeing India for growth and expansion, Indian companies are becoming increasingly world class. Take the case of LICK, which has set its sight on becoming a major global player following an Rests-core investment from the Indian government. The company now operates in Mauritius, Fiji, the I-J, Sir Lankan, and Nepal and will soon start operations in Saudi Arabia. It also plans to venture into the African and Asia-Pacific regions in 2006. The year 2005 was a testing phase for the mineral insurance industry with a series of catastrophes hitting the Indian sub- continent. However, with robust reinsurance programmers in place, insurers have successfully managed to tide over the crisis without any adverse impact on their balance sheets. With life insurance premiums being Just 2. 5% of GAP and general insurance premiums being 0. 65% of GAP, the opportunities in the Indian market place is immense. The next five years will be challenging but those that can build scale and market share will survive and prosper. 1. REGULATORY ACTS A number of acts govern the insurance sector The Insurance Act, 1938 The Insurance Act, 1938 was the first legislation governing all forms of insurance to provide strict state control over insurance business. General Insurance Business (Nationalization) Act, 1972 The General Insurance Business (Nationalization) Act 1972 was enacted to nationalize the 100 odd general insurance companies and subsequent ly merging them into four companies. All the companies were amalgamated into National Insurance, New India Assurance, Oriental Insurance, and United India Insurance. Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act, 1999 Till 1999, there were not any private insurance companies in Indian insurance sector. The Gobo. Of India then introduced the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act in 1999, thereby De-regulating the insurance sector and allowing and capped at 26% holding in the Indian insurance companies. 1. 5 Regulations for Indian Insurers To protect the interests of holder of insurance policy and to regulate, promote and ensure orderly growth of the insurance industry Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (ERDA) was established. Under the new dispensation Indian insurance companies in private sector were permitted to operate in India with he following conditions: Company is formed and registered under the Companies Act, 1956. The aggregate holdings of equity shares by a foreign company, either by itself or through its subsidiary companies or its nominees, do not exceed 26%, paid up equity capital of such Indian insurance company. The Companys sole purpose is to carry on life insurance business or general insurance business or reinsurance business. The minimum paid up equity capital for life or general insurance business is crossers. The minimum paid up equity capital for carrying on reinsurance business has been prescribed as crossers. . 6 Role Functions of ERDA: Section 14 of ERDA Act, 1999 lays down the duties, powers and functions of ERDA. Subject to the provisions of this Act and any other law for the time being in force, the Authority shall have the duty to regulate, promote and ensure orderly growth of the insurance business and re-insurance business. Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions contained in sub-section (1), the powers and functions of the Authority shall include. Issue to the applicant a certificate of registration, renews, modify, withdraw, suspend or cancel such registration. Protection of the interests of the policy holders in matters concerning assigning of policy, nomination by policy holders, insurable interest, settlement of insurance claim, surrender value of policy and other terms and conditions of contracts of insurance. Specifying requisite qualifications, code of conduct and practical training for intermediary or insurance intermediaries and agents. Specifying the code of conduct for surveyors and loss assessors. Promoting efficiency in the conduct of insurance business. Promoting and regulating professional organizations connected with the insurance and re-insurance business. Levying fees and other charges for carrying out the purposes of this Act. 1. 7 Functions of Insurance The function of insurance is to safeguard against such misfortunes by having contributions of the many pay for the losses of the unfortunate few. This is the essence of insurance- the sharing of losses and, in the process, the substitution of certain, small loss called the premium for an uncertain, large loss. From an economic perspective, insurance is a financial intermediation function by which individuals exposed to a specified contingency each contribute to a pool from which overfed events suffered by participating individuals are paid. Insurance then is a is an agreement, the insurance policy or insurance contract, by which one party, the policy owner, pays a stipulated consideration called the premium to the other party called the insurer, in return for which the insurer agrees to pay a defined amount of provide a defined service if a covered event occurs during the policy term. The person whose life, health or property is the object of the insurance policy is referred to as the insured. Insurance provides certainty of payment of sum assured at the happening of the event. Since no one can predict the happening of the event in advance, it is not possible to compensate against the loss There is an uncertainty about the time of the event happening. We will not be also sure about the quantum of loss. Provides Assistance to Business Large capital investments on buildings and machinery can be protected against loss by Insurance. The cost of Insurance will be very small compared to the total loss. Provides financial stability to commerce and industry When material damage takes place due to peril, there will be stoppage in production resulting in reduction in profit. Loss of profit Insurance can take care of the loss in net profits in addition to loss of machinery. Insurance serves as a basis of credit Industry and commerce approach banks and financial institutions for financial assistance to develop their business. A collateral security may be necessary to secure against the finance advanced. Insurance policies can provide against such advances. Insurance plays a role in reduction of losses. Insurance companies render advice as to how losses can be minimized by using various safety measures because of their experience. Insurance provides fund for investment The Insurer will have huge funds collected from Insured by way of premiums. These funds are not kept idle, but invested in nation building activities. Insurance earns foreign exchange Indian Insurance companies have branches in different countries, where large volume of business is transacted. This will fetch huge amount in foreign currency. 1. Nature of Insurance Sharing Of Risk Insurance is a social devise to share the financial loss, which may befall individuals due to many events. Whereas it is not possible to share deaths, accidents or sickness, it is always possible to share the economic losses, which come out of Hess events. All persons who are exposed to similar risks come together and share the loss. Co-operat ive Endeavourer In every type of Insurance, large number of persons are brought together to share the loss. They have a common goal biz. , to plan the economic future. Such people come together voluntarily or through publicity or through soliciting. It is the Insurer who compensates the loss of few from the contributions received from many. Value of risk The risk or financial loss is measured in terms of money before insuring. This is done by means of past experience of the Insurer. This will enable him to collect the cost of Insurance in adequate measure. Payment at contingency insured. It may be premature death or end of the term in Life Insurance. In non-life, it may be the happening of the event. Amount of payment In Life Insurance the amount is fixed at the beginning of the contract and full amount is paid at death or end of term. But in other types of Insurance the amount of loss only is paid. CHAPTER 2 Origin and Development of Insurance 2. 1 Introduction Insurance in the modern form originated in the Mediterranean during 14th century. The earliest references to insurance have been found in Babylonian, he Greeks and the Romans. The use of insurance appeared in the account of North Italian merchant banks who then dominated the international trade in Europe at that time. Marine insurance is the oldest form of insurance followed by life insurance and fire insurance. The patterns that have been used in England followed in other countries also in these kinds of insurance. The origin and growth of Marine Insurance, life Insurance, Fire Insurance and miscellaneous insurance are given below: 1. Marine Insurance The oldest and the earliest records of marine policy relates to a Mediterranean voyage in 1347. In the year 1400, a book written by a merchant of Florence, indicates premium rates charged for the shipments by sea from London to Pisa. Marine Insurance spread from Italy to trading routes in other countries of Europe. Marine Insurance in India There is evidence that marine insurance was practiced in India some three thousand years ago. In earlier days travelers by sea and land were exposed to risk of losing their vessels and merchandise because of piracy on the open seas. Moreland has maintained that the practice of insurance was quite common during the rule of Kafka to Rearrange, but the nature and coverage f insurance in this period is not well known. It was the British, insurers who introduced general insurance in India, in its modern form. The Bruisers opened general insurance in India around the year 1700. The first company, known as the Sun Insurance Office Ltd. Was set up in Calcutta in the year 1710. This followed by several insurance companies of different parts of the world, in the field of marine insurance. In 1972, the government of India nationalized the general insurance business by forming GIG. 2. Life Insurance The early developments of life insurance were closely linked with that of urine insurance. The first insurers of life were the marine insurance underwriters who started issuing life insurance policies on the life of master and crew of the ship, and the merchants. The early insurance contracts took the nature of policies for a short period only. The underwriters issued annuities and pension for a fixed period or for life to provide relief to widows on the death of life of William Gibbons for a period of 12 months. Life Insurance in India The British companies started life insurance business in India, by issuing policies exclusively on the lives of European soldiers and civilians. They sometimes issued policies on the lives of Indians by charging extra. Different insurance companies like Bombay Insurance Company LTD. 1793) and Oriental Life Assurance Company (1818) was formed to issue life assurance policies in India. Gradually, the first Indian Company named as Bombay Mutual Life Insurance Society Ltd. Was formed in DCE. 1870. By 1971, the total numbers of companies working in India were 15, out of which 7 were Indian and the remaining were British companies. After several changes have been made for the period from 1930 to 1938, the Government of India passed Insurance Act, 1938. The act still applies to all kinds of insurance business by instituting necessary amendments from time to time. . Fire Insurance Fire insurance has its origin in Germany where it was introduced in municipalities for providing compensation to owners of the property, in return for an annual contribution, based on the rent of those premises. The fire insurance in its present form started after the most disastrous fire in human history known as the Great Fire in London, which had destroyed several buildings. It drew the attention of the public and the first fire insurance commercially transacted in 1667. The Industrial Revolution (1720-1850) gave much impetus to fire insurance. The Nineteenth century marked the development of fire insurance. Fire Insurance in India In India, fire insurance was started during the British regime. The oldest of these companies include the Sun Insurance Office, Calcutta (1710), London Assurance and Royal Exchange Assurance (1720), Phoenix Assurance Company (1782), etc. 4. Miscellaneous Insurance Due to the increasing demands of the time, different forms of insurance have been developed. Industrial Revolution of 19th century had facilitated the placement of accidental insurance, theft and didactic, fidelity insurance, etc. In 20th century, many types of social insurance started operating, biz. , unemployment insurance, crop insurance, cattle insurance, etc. This way the business of insurance developed simultaneously with human and social development. Today, the use of computers in the field of insurance is frequently increasing. Insurance becomes an inseparable part of human development. Miscellaneous insurance are of many types like: Health Insurance All-risks Insurance Consequential Loss Insurance General Public Liability Insurance Burglary Insurance Golf Insurance Money Insurance Fidelity Guarantee Insurance Workmen Compensation Insurance Aviation Insurance which is again a type of miscellaneous insurance, concentrating on each and every aspect of aviation insurance and how it has affected the service sector in recent times. Aviation is the most expensive industry means of transport today. This sector gained importance and created awareness after the 9/1 1 attack on the twin towers of America. After this attack lot of changes took place in the aviation sector and also lot of amendments were made by the law to regulate the aviation insurance contracts. So let us see what these changes are and how aviation insurance forms one of the important part of any countrys insurance sector. 2. 2 Effects of 9/1 1 Attack on Aviation Insurance Following the September 1 1 the attack in the United States, the subject of aviation insurance attracted much attention in the media and elsewhere after aviation insurers worldwide withdrew cover for the specific acts of war and terrorism. As a result, many national governments stepped in to provide temporary insurance cover to ensure that airlines continued flying. Short to medium term solutions At the request of the airline industry the International Civil Aviation Organization established a special group on war risk insurance (SWIG) which, as a short and medium term measure recommended the setting up of an international mechanism funded by insurance premiums to provide no concealable third-party aviation war risk coverage through a non-profit special purpose insurance entity (GLOBAL TIME) with multilateral government backing for the initial years. As a long-term solution the SWIG recommended that an international convention be developed which would limit the third-party liability of he aviation industry for losses arising from war, hijacking and allied perils. Uncertainty ahead? Some four years on from 9/11, most governments have withdrawn guarantees for hull and over to airlines and airport service providers. Notable exceptions include the United States, China and Singapore. The market has now responded with certain insurers offering major airlines limited no concealable third party coverage. Enthusiasm for GLOBAL TIME has waned and a new convention on damage caused to third parties on the ground has yet to be agreed. In Asia at least, the airline industry has experienced a dramatic turnaround in retunes with renewed prosperity. However, as with other classes of catastrophe business, there remain underlying uncertainties in the aviation insurance market that could dramatically change the environment. Convention and statutory limits The Montreal Convention 1999, which governs the liability of airlines in relation to passengers and cargo interests, requires airlines to obtain adequate insurance to cover their liabilities under the Convention. In addition, airlines are required by many states to have minimum insurance limits to cover such liabilities including third party surface damage. After the September 1 1, 2001,

Do laundry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Do laundry - Essay Example I grew up in a small village, in Xiaolou town, Guangzhou province, in China known as Xijing. During that time, fabrics were placed in the running water along the water streams to diminish the unpleasant smells and dirty. I remember watching my mother washing clothes in Wei River, She used to begin by rubbing, twisting the dirty fabric, or slapping them against flat rocks. People also used pieces of wood in beating out the dirt. Afterwards, the fabric was rinsed, squeezed to drain water away and later spread on flat rocks to dry. We had to wait for the clothes to dry for about an hour then carry them home. Nowadays laundry has changed so much since the majority of families in suburb areas use washing machines, which are hand-operated in cleaning the fabrics. The machine moves round and round through the aid of the paddles, which cycles continuously. This repeated action swirls the clothing until it removes the dirt completely. In those days, washing of clothes to drying was cumbersome since it was a whole day process. These days washing of clothes by electronic machines takes a short period. The clothes are cleaned in the washing machine, dried by the clothe dryer. During the old days, the sun energy was the only source that people relied on to dry their wet clothes. Drying of the clothes was unpredictable since not all days were sunny days especially during the rainy seasons. However, this has much changed since laundry drying nowadays is mechanized, with the aid of clothes dryers. Dryers have spun perforated tubs where they blow heated air rather than water, which in turn dries clothes. A world without laundry is unpredictable since cleanliness is the first step in achieving good sanitation and maintaining health hygiene. Through laundry, people are able to prevent diseases like cholera and skin diseases caused by germs in dirty clothes. Yun. B. Zhongguo lao Qipao:

Of Paradise and Power by Robert Kagan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Of Paradise and Power by Robert Kagan - Essay Example They self-identify as tough. In the end, Kagan claims America is much more technologically advanced and that it can attack safely other countries because it has the means to do so with technological warfare. However, as has been seen over the last few years in Iraq, American military power can get very tied up and may not always be very effective; it can sometimes limited in its ability to reshape a society or political system or deal with an intractable ethnic conflict. That said, I really do believe that Kagan’s argument more or less makes sense and that the Europeans need to take a more proactive, robust role in the world today in order to help solve all the problems and conflicts. This theory has inspired me to potentially work as a diplomat in the future. I started out thinking about conflict in an idealistic way, but now am much more realistic about these sorts of things. It’s important to ask the question when thinking about conflict and politics, What is power? Kagan suggests it is purely military force. The US is the lone power in the world with the ability to conduct expeditionary warfare on multiple fronts across the globe whenever it wants to. As was demonstrated in the Balkans in the 1990s, Europeans aren’t able to project a credible military force even within Europe. Therefore the Europeans resort to the only thing they have for managing international conflicts, international institutions such as the UN. The success of European integration and solving the "German problem" has a lot of Europeans.

Sakru japan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sakru japan - Assignment Example Intercultural differences, ambiguity, poor communication, as well as inconsistency could be the major possible cases of the cultural problems experienced in the company. The effects of these problems include hostile and completely unpleasant working environment for workers. This reason calls for a cultural training program aimed to solve cultural problems in the company. Through the cultural program, intercultural problems in the company would be solved through cross-cultural training. This would be done by organizing seminars in which workers from various racial and cultural backgrounds can familiarize with one another. Workers without the Japanese cultural background can learn about the local culture from this kind of interaction. Encouraging employees to work closely with people of different cultures in order to learn about such cultures would as well solve this problem. The training would inform employees about the importance of experiencing various cultures. One of the advantages is the enhancement of communication among employees and customers, which furthers solves yet another problem, the poor communication problem in the company. The problem of inconsistency among employees’ productivity is a major cultural problem that would be solved through the cultural training program. The program would encourage employees from different cultural background to work closely and assist one another. This not only encourages friendship but also makes workers adopt different working styles that can maintain their high performance. The Japanese are generally hard working people, which mean that poor performance can only be attributed to lack of motivation.

Analysis Of Our Planet Earth

Analysis Of Our Planet Earth Explore The planet earth is one of the nine planets in the solar system and the only known planet to harbor life and the home of human beings. From the words of Neil Armstrong, one of the astronauts of the famous Apollo 11, the earth from space resembles a big blue marble with swirling white clouds floating above blue oceans. About 71 percent of the earths surface is covered with water and the rest is land, mostly in the form of continents that rise above the oceans. Origin of the Earth The earth has a unique characteristic that is suited to supporting life. It is neither too hot like planet Mercury, the closest planet to the Sun, nor too cold like planet Mars. For thousands of years, human being could only wonder about the earth and other observable planets in the solar system. Many ideas such as the earth was a sphere and that it travelled around the Sun were based on brilliant reasoning. It was on the development of scientific method especially in the 18th and 19th centuries, that human beings began to gather data that could be used to verify theories about the earth and the rest of the solar system. In the second half of the 20th century, more advances in the study of the earth and the solar system occurred because of the development of rockets that could send spacecrafts beyond Earth. Human beings were able to study and observe Earth from space and satellites equipped with scientific instruments. Scientists have studied the solar system and tried to explain how it was formed. Billions of people are wondering how the huge, lively planet came to be. There are many different theories trying to give explanation of how our home planet came to be. One of the most popular theories of the planets origin is that of Gods creation. Many religious group as well as scientists, embrace the belief that God created the universe and the different steps motivating material and natural development and that these steps then resulted in the formation of the galaxies, the solar system and existence of the earth. This theory is known as Theistic evolution or as evolutionary creationism. This theory h olds the belief that God exceeds common time and space, with nature having no survival self-sufficient of Gods will. The Theistic Evolution Theory poses many questions that can never be answered directly. The sources available are books written by humans. Most accepted belief is the theory of creation in the book of Genesis in the Old Testament. This popular theory states that God created the universe in six days .The Bible offers no evidence to prove the story; rather it relies on the faith of the believers to accept it as truth. Another popular belief is the Big Bang Theory. This theory supports the idea that the universe came about due to a colossal explosion. According to the theory, the universe goes through a tremendously high speed rise that expands within a fraction of a second. Then, the excessive heat of electrons and other particles mix. As atoms and particles charge, still extremely hot, they prevent light from shining, creating a sweltering hot fog. Eventually, the electrons merge with additional particles to structure atoms of hydrogen and helium, causing light to at last shine. Giant clouds are soon formed by the hydrogen and helium gases. Weighty elements that are not clustered together are thrown into space to form stars and planets. Another theory is developed by Immanuel Kant and given scientific form by Pierre Simon Laplace at the end of 18th century. It is known as the Nebular Theory. It was assumed that the solar system in its first state was a nebula, a hot, slowly rotating mass of rare matter, which gradually cooled and contracted, the rotation becoming more rapid, in turn giving nebula a flattened disk-like shape .In time, rings of gaseous matter became separated from the outer part of the disk, until the diminished nebula at the center was surrounded by a series of rings. Out of the material of each ring a great ball was formed, which by shrinking eventually became a planet. The mass at the center of the system condensed to form the sun. Encounter or collision theories, in which a star passes a close by or actually collides with the sun, try to explain the distribution of angular momentum. According to the Planetisimal theory, developed by Thomas Chamberlin and Forest Ray Moulton, in the early part of 20th century, a star passed close to the sun. Huge tides were raised on the surface; and some of these erupted matters were torn free, and by a cross pull from the star, were thrust bodies called planetesimals. As their orbits crossed, the larger bodies grew by absorbing the planetisimals, thus becoming planets. The Gaseous Tidal Theory, proposed by James Jeans and Harold Jeffreys in 1918, is a variation of the planetesimal concept. It suggests that a huge tidal wave, raised on the sun by a force of gravity of a passing star, was drawn into a long filament and became detached from the principal mass. As the stream of gaseous material condensed, it separated into masses of various sizes, which by further condensation took the form of a planet. The Dynamic Encounter Theory of Georges Buffon states that the world was formed out of molten materials from the sun that collided with other planets. According to the Solar Disruption Theory by Georges-Louis Leclerc, the sun and a big star almost collided in space, which made some parts of the sun burst. The pieces formed became planets. Composition and Structure of the Earth Geologists divided the earth into three main zones: hydrosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere. Hydrosphere consists of the bodies of water that covers 71 percent of the earths surface. The largest of these are the oceans, which contain over 97 percent of all water on Earth. Glaciers and polar ice caps contain over 2 percent of earths water in the form of solid ice. Only about 0.6 is under the surface as groundwater. Groundwater is 36 times more plentiful than water found in lakes, inland seas rivers, and in the atmosphere as water vapor. Most of the water in glacier, lakes inland seas, rivers and groundwater is fresh and can be used for drinking and in agriculture. The atmosphere is the great blanket of gases that surrounds the earth. It is arranged in five layers: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and exosphere. Lithosphere refers to all of the earth, from its surface to its center. The earth contains three regions crust, mantle, and core. Crust is the outermost layer of the earth. The crust consists of the continents, and other land areas and the basins or floor of the oceans. It has an average thickness of 25 mile. Mantle is about 800 miles thick of solid silicate rock. Core contains iron and nickel whose outer core is liquid and the inner core is solid. Changes on the Earths Surface Think and Respond How forces inside the earth create and change landforms? Earths surface has been constantly changing ever since the planet was formed. Most of these changes have been taking place slowly over millions of years. These gradual changes resulted in modifications including the formation, erosion, re-formation of mountain ranges, the movement of continents, the creation of super continents and the break-up of smaller continents. There are factors responsible for the changes in the earths surface. These are: Weathering. Weathering is the breakdown of rock at and near the surface of the Earth. Most rocks originally formed in a hot, high pressure environment below the surface where there was little water. Once the rock reached earths surface they were subjected to temperature changes and expand to water. When rocks are subjected to these kinds of conditions, the minerals they contain tend to change. These changes constitute the process of weathering. There are two types of weathering; physical weathering and chemical weathering. Physical weathering includes a decrease in the size of rock materials. Freezing and thawing of water in rock countries for example, splits rocks into small pieces because water expands when it freezes. Chemical weathering involves a chemical change in the composition of rock. Chemical weathering is important to man because it creates the clay minerals that are important component of soil, which is the basis for agriculture. Erosion. Erosion is the process that removes loose and weathered rock and carries it to a new site. Water, wind, and glacial ice combined with the force of gravity can cause erosion. Soil erosion and gullying in the upper Panuco basin, Sierra Madre Oriental, eastern Mexico Think and Explain Why is erosion dangerous? Erosion by running water is the most common process of erosion. When water moves downhill, it can carry loose rocks or soil with it. The force of the running water removes loose particles formed by weathering. In the process, gullies and valleys are lengthened, widened, and deepen. The Grand Canyon of the Colorado River is an example of the eroding power of water. Over a million years the Colorado River has cut a canyon that is more than 1 mile deep. The Nile River of Egypt, for example, brings rich soil from the mountains and spreads it along its banks. Because of this, the Nile Valley is one of the most fertile areas in the world. It is the only part of Egypt where crops can grow, a reason why Egypt was known as The Gift of Nile. On the other hand, the Huang Ho or Yellow River in Northern China often overflows its banks and floods farms and homes. Over the years Huang Ho has done so much damage that people call this river Chinas Sorrow. Erosion can also occur as glacier, or large bodies of ice, move across the surface of the earth. As they move, glaciers change the land destroying forests, carving out valleys, altering the course of the rivers and wearing down mountaintops. Wind is an important cause of erosion only in arid or dry regions. Wind carries sand and dirt, which can scour even solid rock. Erosion caused by wind can either help or hurt people. The plains of Northern China for example, have a thick, rich type of soil that is carried by winds blowing from the deserts far to the west. This soil allows farmers in Northern China to raise great amount of wheat and other food crops. Think and Explain How do you account todays flash floods to soil erosion? Many factors determine the rate and kind of erosion that occurs in a certain area. Then climate of a given area determines the distribution, amount, and kind of precipitation that the area receives, thus, the type and rate of weathering. An area with an arid climate erodes differently than the area with a humid climate. The elevation of an area also plays an important role by determining the potential energy of running water. The higher the elevation, the more water will flow due to the force of gravity. Plate Tectonics. Think and Explain How do scientists predict when and where earthquakes may occur?Opposite the leveling is a force responsible for raising mountains, and plateaus and for creating new landmasses. These changes on earth surface occur in the outermost solid portion of Earth, known as lithosphere. The lithosphere consists of the crust and another region known as the upper mantle. Scientists believe that the lithosphere is broken into a series of plates, or segments. According to the theory of plate tectonics, these plates move around on earths surface over long periods of time. These plates move in different ways in relation to each other. They pull apart or move away from each other, they collide or move against each other, or they slide past each other as they move sideways. These shaking movements of the earth called earthquakes explain geological occurrences such as volcanic eruptions, as well as mountain building and the formation of oceans and continents. Yale Peabody Museum/www.peabody.yale.edu/platetectonics/author Earths Physical Features Earths Features The natural features of the earths land surfaces are called landforms. These features are used to describe and help people to locate specific places. Landforms Think and Explain Why is the earth the only planet for man?Landforms are defined as the natural physical features found on the surface of the earth. Landforms are created as a result of the various forces of nature such as wind, water and ice and also by the movement of the earths tectonic plates. Due to these actions, the soil gets eroded and deposited somewhere far from the site of erosion, thus leads to the formation of different landforms. Some landforms are created in a matter of few hours; others take millions of years to appear. A group of landforms in a particular area is called its landscape. Geographers and geologists refer to four major landforms. Large flat mainly grassy areas are the plains. Lands with elevations more than 1,000 feet above the surrounding areas are called mountains. Hills are elevated land masses that are less than 1,000 feet above their surroundings. Plateaus are flat elevated areas perched between 300 to 3,000 feet high. Minor landforms include buttes, canyons, valleys and basins. Think and Respond How do forces inside the earth create and change landforms? These major landforms were formed as a result of tectonic activity, or earthquakes. Other landforms are the result of volcanic eruptions. In fact, mountains that were formed by tectonic activity are called fold mountains, while those formed by volcanic eruptions are called volcanic mountains. Still other landforms resulted from the effects of weathering, erosion and the movement of glaciers. Think and Respond How did bodies of water such as rivers and seas affect societies? Mountains are perhaps the most noticeable of the major landforms and are found on every continent, as well as beneath the ocean. The highest mountain is Mount Everest in the Himalayas at 29,028 feet. The largest mountain, by volume, is Hawaiis Maono Loa. The longest chain of mountains is the Mid Ocean Range. Both Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean and Iceland are member peaks of this range. More than half of the earths surface is covered by plains like the Central Plains of the United States and the plains in Eastern China. Some plains that continue to grow in surface area are the deltas that form by land carried in the current and deposited at the mouths of major rivers. The largest deltas are the Nile River Delta, Mississippi River Delta and Rhone River Delta. Plateaus account for about 30 percent of the earths surface. They are elevations that terminate in flat lands. Some people call them tablelands because of their shape. There are often layers of both hard and soft rock in a plateau. These landforms were caused when the earths crust was forced upward. Types and Characteristic Features of Landforms There are many types of landforms on the earths surface. Each landform is characterized by its slope, elevation, soil and rock type, stratification and orientation. Some of the common types of landforms and their characteristics are the following: Mountains: Mountains are areas, which are higher than the surrounding areas and are characterized by a peak, e.g. The Himalayas. Surprisingly, they are more frequently present in the oceans than in land. A mountain is steeper than a hill. Mountains are formed due the tectonic movement such as an earthquake or a volcanic eruption. A few are resulted due to erosion of the surrounding areas by the action of wind, water or ice. Plateaus: Plateaus are large highland flat areas separated from the surrounding areas by a steep slope, e.g. The Tibetan plateau. Plateaus are formed due to various actions such as collision of the earths tectonic plates, uplift of the earths crust by the action of magma; some are resulted due to the lava flow from the volcanic eruption. Islands: Islands are areas that are completely surrounded by water, e.g. The Hawaiian Islands. Islands are formed either as a result of the volcanic eruption or due to the presence of hot spots on the lithosphere. Plains: Plains are flat areas or low relief areas on the earths surface, e.g. prairies, steppes. Plains are formed due to the sedimentation of the eroded soil from the hills and mountains or due to the flowing lava deposited by the agents of wind, water and ice. Valleys: Valleys are flat areas of land between the hills or mountains, e.g. The California Central Valley. Mostly they are formed by the actions of rivers and glaciers. Depending upon the shape, valley forms are classified as U-shaped or V-shaped valley. V-shaped valleys are formed by flowing water or rivers, whereas U-shaped valleys are formed by glaciers. Deserts: Deserts are very dry lands with little or no rainfall, for example, The Sahara desert. Mostly deserts are formed in rain shadow areas, which are leeward of a mountain range with respect to the wind direction. Thus, the mountains block the passage of wind resulting in little or sometimes no rain. Loess: Loess are deposits of silt and with a little amount of sand and clay. Many a times wind action is responsible for formation of loess; however sometimes glacial activity can also form loess. Rivers: Rivers are natural flowing stream of freshwater, e.g. The Nile. They mostly flow towards lakes or oceans but sometimes they dried up without reaching another water body. River water is collected from the surface water runoffs, groundwater water recharge and sometimes from the water reservoirs such as glaciers. Landforms definitely play an important role in the formation of rivers. Oceans: Oceans are the biggest form of water and are saline, such as The Pacific Ocean. Oceans of the world covers around 71% of the earths surface and control the weather and climate of the earths surface. Think and Explain Are landforms still affecting todays development? Glaciers: Glaciers are huge slow moving body of ice. Glaciers are formed due to the compaction of snow layers and moves with respect to gravity and pressure. Mainly there are two types of glaciers- Alpine glaciers, which are formed in high mountains and Continental glaciers, which are formed in cold Polar Regions. Continents Land surface of the earth was divided into seven landmasses called continents. Land surface of the earth was divided into seven landmasses called continents. A continent is defined as a large unbroken land mass completely surrounded by water, although in some cases continents are (or were in part) connected by land bridges. The seven continents are North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and Antarctica. The islands in the Pacific are often called Oceania. Illus. 1. The seven continents of the world. Europe Geographically, Europe, including the British Isles, is a large western peninsula of the continent of Asia; and many geographers, refer to Europe and Asia, as the Eurasian continent. But traditionally, Europe is counted as a separate continent, with the Ural and the Caucasus mountains forming the line of demarcation between Europe and Asia. Europe is a large peninsula with a long irregular coastline with varied mountains, and islands. The continent of Europe is a relatively small part of the Eurasian landmass, encompassing 3,827,308 square miles. It is bounded on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea, on the east by Asia, and on the north by the Arctic Ocean. Europes highest point is Mt. Elbrus in Russia, at 18,510 feet above sea level. Its lowest point is the Caspian Sea in Russia, at 90 feet below sea level. The longest river in Europe is the Volga, which runs through Russia for about 2,300 miles. Also in Russia is the continents largest lake, Lake Ladoga, which covers an area of 6,834 square miles. Europe consists of over 40 countries, with approximate total population of 803, 850, 858 in 2009. Its two major English-speaking countries, the United Kingdom and Ireland, are island nations. Germany and France are the two most populous nations of central Europe. Two of Europes southernmost countries, Greece and Italy are Mediterranean Sea peninsulas. Four of the continents northern countries Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden comprise a region known as Scandinavia. Asia Think and Respond What physical features might have been a great help for the Europeans to explore and settle in the Philippines? Asia is the largest of the Earths seven continents, lying almost entirely in the Northern Hemisphere. With outlying islands, it covers an estimated 44,391,000 sq km (17,139,000 sq mi), or about 30 percent of the worlds total land area. Its peoples account for three-fifths of the worlds population; in 2009 Asia had an estimated 4.10 billion inhabitants. Most geographers regard Asia as bounded on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the east by the Bering Strait and the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean, and on the southwest by the Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea. On the west, the Ural Mountain serves as boundary between Europe and Asia. Some geographers include Europe and Asia together in a larger Eurasian region, noting that western Asian countries, such as Turkey, merge almost imperceptibly into Europe. The continental mainland stretches from the southern end of the Malay Peninsula to Cape Chelyuskin in Siberia. The lowest and highest points on the Earths surface are in Asia, namely, the shore of the Dead Sea which is 408 m/1,340 ft. below sea level in 1996) and Mount Everest which is which is about 8,850 m/29,035 ft above sea level. Asia is divided into different regional groups namely; Southwest Asia, South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia and Central or North Asia. Southwest Asia spans a vast area that encompasses the following countries; Afghanistan, Bahrain, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, and United Arab Emirates. South Asia is a large landmass that extends southward from the continent of Asia into the Indian Ocean its nearly 1,591,890 square mile or 2,561,351 sq km occupying about 10 percent of the land area of Asia. This region includes the following countries; Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri-Lanka. East Asia is separated from the rest of the Asian continent by rugged highlands and towering mountain ranges. It comprises the following countries; China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan. Southeast Asia covers a land area of about 1.7 million square miles or 4.4 million sq km. It is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean to the west and south. The following countries are included in the region; Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Central Asia/ North Asia is a region from the Caspian Sea in the west to Central China in the east, and from Southern Russia in the north to Afghanistan in the south. It has a varied geography. The region includes the following countries: Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. North America The third-largest continent on Earth is North America. It lies mostly between the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer. It is almost completely surrounded by bodies of water, including the Pacific Ocean, the Bering Strait, the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico. Area: 9,361,791 sq mi (24,247,039 sq km). Population (2008 est.): 528, 720, 588. It is shaped like an inverted triangle .To the southeast are the Appalachian Mountains and to the west are the younger and much taller Cordilleras. These mountains extend the length of the continent and occupy about one-third of the total land area. The Rocky Mountains constitute the eastern Cordillera. The highest point is Mount McKinley. The Mississippi River basin, including its major tributaries, the Missouri and Ohio, occupies more than one-eighth of the continents total area. Generally temperate climatic conditions prevail. South America South America, fourth largest of the Earths seven continents after Asia, Africa, and North America occupying 17,820,900 sq km (6,880,700 sq mi), or 12 percent of the Earths land surface. It lies astride the equator and tropic of Capricorn and is joined by the Isthmus of Panama, on the north, to Central and North America. The continent extends 7,400 km (4,600 mi) from the Caribbean on the north to Cape Horn on the south, and its maximum width, between Ponta do Seixas, on Brazils Atlantic coast, and Punta Parià ±as on Perus Pacific coast, is 5,160 km (3,210 mi). South America has a 2009 estimated population of 394 million, or 6 percent of the worlds people. The continent comprises 12 nations. Ten of the countries are Latin: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Columbia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Two of the nations are former dependencies: Guyana, of the United Kingdom, and Suriname, of The Netherlands. South America also includes French Guiana, an overseas departm ent of France. The coastline of South America is relatively regular except in the extreme south and southwest, where it is indented by numerous inlet. The Andes Mountain, the second highest mountain range in the world is situated, in South America. The main lowland is the vast Amazon Basin in the equatorial part of the continent; it is drained by the Amazon River, the worlds second longest river. The Orinoco River drains a lowland in the north; to the south lies the Paraguay-Parana basin. The lowest point in South America (40 m/ 131 ft below sea level) is on Peninsula Valdà ©s in eastern Argentina, and the greatest elevation (6,960 m/22,834 ft) is atop Aconcagua in western Argentina, the highest peak in the Western Hemisphere. Africa Africa is the second largest of the earths seven continents, covering, with adjacent islands, about 30,300,000 sq km (about 11,699,000 sq mi), or about 20% of the worlds total land area. In the mid 2009, some 999 million people, or about 14.72% of the worlds population inhabited Africa. Straddling the equator, Africa stretches about 8000 km (about 4970 mi) from its northernmost point, Cape Blanc (ar-Ras al-Abyad) in Tunisia, to its southernmost tip, Cape Agulhas in South Africa. The maximum width of the continent, measured from the tip of Cape Verde in Senegal, in the West, to Ras Hafun in Somalia, in the East, is about 7560 km (about 4700 mi). The highest point on the continent is the perpetually snowcapped Mt. Kilimanjaro (5895 m/19,340 ft) in Tanzania, and the lowest is Lake Assal (153 m/502 ft below sea level) in Djibouti. Africa has a regular coastline characterized by few indentations. Its total length is only about 30,490 km (about 18,950 mi); the length of its coastline in proportion to its area is less than that of any other continent. Think and Respond Why are the people in the desert usually nomads? The chief islands of Africa include Madagascar, Zanzibar, Pemba, Mauritius, Rà ©union, the Seychelles, and the Comoro islands in the Indian Ocean; Sà £o Tomà ©, Prà ­ncipe, Annobà ³n, and Bioko in the Gulf of Guinea; Saint Helena, Ascension, and the Bijagà ³s islands in the Atlantic; and the Cape Verde, Canary, and Madeira Islands in the North Atlantic. Africa may be divided into three major regions: the Northern Plateau, the Central and Southern Plateau, and the Eastern Highlands. Low-lying coastal strips, with the exception of the Mediterranean coast and the Guinea coast, are generally narrow and rise sharply to the plateau. The outstanding feature of the Northern Plateau is the Sahara, the great desert that occupies more than one-quarter of Africa. At the border of the Northern Plateau are several mountainous regions. To the Northwest lies the Atlas Mountain, a chain of rugged peaks linked by high plateaus, which extend from Morocco into Tunisia. Other prominent uplands are the Futa Jallon, on the Southwest, and the Adamawa Massif and the Cameroon mountain range, on the South. The Lake Chad Basin is situated in the approximate center of the Northern Plateau. The Central and Southern Plateau is considerably higher than the Northern Plateau and includes west central and South Africa. It contains several major depressions, notably the Congo River Basin and the Kalahari Desert. Other feature South of this plateau is the Drakensberg Mountain. The Eastern Highlands, the highest portion of the continent, lie near the east coast, extending from the Red Sea South to the Zambezi River. South of the Ethiopian Plateau are a number of towering volcanic peaks, including Mt. Kilimanjaro, Mt. Kenya, and Mt. Elgon. West of the Great Rift Valley is the Ruwenzori Range. Australia/Oceania The continent of Australia/Oceania links together the continental landmass of Australia with the huge number of widely scattered islands across the Pacific Ocean. This continent includes New Guinea, Tasmania, New Zealand, Hawaii, and the countless islands of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. The continent of Australia is such a relatively low and flat place. Although the Great Dividing Range has some interesting areas such as the Blue Mountains area, and there is some nice mountain scenery, the bulk of the continent is simply just not mountainous at all. The highest point on the Australian landmass is Mt. Kosciusko (7310/2228m), a peak with a road to the top. The continent of Australia/Oceania holds a respectable amount of serious mountains situated in the Oceania. In New Zealand and New Guinea are world-class mountain ranges: Puncak Java, which is 5,030 meter, and in New Guinea is the highest summit in this part of the world. There is also the Southern Alps of New Zealand, which is a craggy, snowy range that challenges the best climbers in the world. Many other islands of Oceania hold mountains that are either higher or more interesting that those of mainland Australia; highlights include the ranges of Tasmania, Tahiti, Fiji, the Solomon Islands, and the massive shield volcanoes of Hawaii. Antarctica is the fifth largest of Earths seven continents. Antarctica surrounds the South Pole and is a place of extremes. It is the southernmost, coldest, iciest, driest, windiest, most remote, and most recently discovered continent. Nearly the entire landmass lies within the Antarctic Circles. Air temperatures of the high inland regions fall below -80 °C (-110 °F) in winter and rise only to -30 °C (-20 °F) in summer. Massive ice sheets built up from snow over millions of years cover almost all of the continent and float in huge ice shelves on coastal waters. In winter, frozen seawater (sea ice) more than doubles the size of the Antarctic ice cap. Antarcticas vast areas of ice on land and on sea play a major role in Earths climate and could be strongly affected by global warming. The melting of Antarctic ice could dramatically raise global sea level. Antarctica means opposite to the Arctic, Earths northernmost region. Antarctica is completely encircled` by the Southern Ocean. The entire area south of the Antarctic Convergence is referred to as the Antarctic region. The Earth Ensure Changes in the Earths Surface Composition and Structure Origin Atmosphe

Long Distance Relationship And How To Make It Work Essay -- essays res

Long Distance Relationship and How To Make It Work Dear Love Lady,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have a love problem and I don't know what to do. I am a freshman in college and so is my boyfriend. We have been together since our senior year in high school, and we are very much in love. But, since we've been at college, we have developed a problem. We don't see each other from month to month. You see, we go to colleges in completely different states. We have always lived on the same street, but now we are so far apart. I don't even know if it will work, or better yet how to make it work. Any advice? Sad and In Love, Atlanta, GA Dear Sad and In Love,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Well, it sounds as if you have a great thing if you can just stick with it. As a matter of fact, I have been in a situation just like yours. My boyfriend and I had just the same problem back when we were in college, and we made it work. We are now happily married with two beautiful children. So, I think I can give you a few pointers on how to keep your love going. You are going to have to have three important things to make it work though. Those things are trust, communication and patience.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First and the most important, you and your boyfriend need to have trust in each other. In every relationship there has to be trust, but for some reason, in long-distance relationships, it seems like there has to be just a little something more. Since you two are so far apart, yo...

Cultures and Traditions Essay

   She doesn’t seem to be ashamed and there is no emotion in her voice. â€Å"Is he dead? † â€Å"Of course. † They are still trying to make light of a bad situation. Their history has been described because nobody would go up to a person and say I have just killed one of my guests and I would make sense if she told this to someone closer to her. She has a very bold approach, is not afraid to say what she thinks, she doesn’t think before she acts. Her devotion is very strong for her son and is a very independent woman and has a sense of discipline. For example, she â€Å"applied to him the same norms of discipline† and â€Å"She did not want anyone to be able to say she had brought him up badly†. Riad suggests that she should start a guest house. He is like her saviour in a way. She seems to be a very forthright person, â€Å"Girls brought their boyfriends for her approval. † She isn’t afraid to speak her mind and can be a very blunt person at times. When she says, â€Å"In one of the back rooms. † she shows no fear of being caught, she doesn’t even lower her voice. Ines must have had a very strong stomach shown by the description of the murder. For example, â€Å"his head hanging by a strip of ashen flesh. † The conversation between Halabi and Ines shows Ines does not have much respect for the authorities, â€Å"An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth,† She seems to think along the terms that someone killed her son and she is going to kill the murderer. Riad always seems to be taking care of the situation, for example, â€Å"calming the people to prevent them from tearing the perpetrator limb from limb. † and I think Ines likes that quality in him. â€Å"Ines had scrubbed the walls and furniture,† It is just like a chore for Ines to do, something to keep her occupied while the body was being taken care of. Ines thought the murder wasn’t particularly â€Å"barbaric† compared to the â€Å"latest cockfights†. Near the end you see a more soft side to Ines, â€Å"you are the person I love†¦ you should have been the father of my son. † She might think that all of this might not of happened if Riad was the father of her child. The community of Agua Santa seem to be like a cult. Riad had to â€Å"prevent them tearing the perpetrator limb from limb. † This shows they are behind Ines every step of the way, for example, â€Å"All the inhabitants of Agua Santa had spent the day hauling mangoes, which they throw through the windows until the house was filled floor to ceiling†. Ines is a very powerful figure in the town. She was higher than the doctor, the priest and the police. The community looked up to her. They turned the perpetrator house into an â€Å"enormous beast in the process of putrefaction† It gives the house a very grotesque form. Its like its had the life sucked out of it and has been turned into a ferocious beast. The people of Agua Santa seem to liven up once something started happening in their â€Å"insignificant backwater† town. The Lieutenant and his men even arrived so you might it was important but â€Å"they accepted an invitation of the girls at the who were celebrating a birthday, they said† it makes it seem deceiving. â€Å"There were more people on the street than on All Saints’ Day,† this shows that even a spark of activity can cause big difference the people’s attitudes and lift their spirits. â€Å"they seemed to be practising a part in a movie† its like the whole scene was surreal and this could not really be happening. â€Å"The priest lighted up the lamps†¦ but no one was in the mood for that type of devotion. † Everybody is so excited and that they don’t concentrate on anything else, not even their religion, just on the news they heard. The body was â€Å"stuffed† in to a canvas sack, â€Å"wrestled out† into the street, â€Å"unceremoniously† thrown into a sack and put into the back of Riad’s truck. The body didn’t seem to have been shown respect at all since it was the killer of Ines’ son. The house had further developed into a monstrosity and no one could get through the â€Å"impenetrable jungle†. â€Å"When they got back to at midnight, they found no one had gone to bed†. Everybody seemed to be so ecstatic and full of energy that the perpetrator was gone. â€Å"Agua Santa returned to their usual chores exalted by a magnificent complicity, by a secret kept by good neighbours,† the community know they can trust each other and work together in any situation. Both mothers know what they want and how to get it and both have a level of determination. Their love for their sons is a strong motive to their revenge and are ruthless in their ways of dealing with it. Both mothers don’t show a lot of emotion throughout the stories until the very end because they finally know they have done what they needed to do. The endings of the stories are both effective because they are both short and straight to the point and they both end on a happy note and the mothers can live their lives since both of them get their revenge. The characters are firmly rooted in time and place. For example, I think Vendetta had a strong belief about family but not about the community while The Schoolteacher’s Guest was the opposite. The communities reacted to the killings in different ways. The people of Agua Santa supported Ines and were right behind her and resulted in violent behaviour by vandalising the perpetrator’s house whilst in Vendetta , the community thought nothing of it and just continued with their lives and took no interest. Ines waits and speculates for things to start up while Widow Saverini gets right on with the task of dealing with the problem. In all, the stories both symbolise revenge and on how the mothers deal with the same situation. By Rio Small 10K1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.